中国现行减免税制度之反思
张学博;
摘要:
中国现行的减免税制度,是建立在1994年分税制改革基础上,税权集中于中央的一整套高度政策化而分散的制度。它存在着种种弊端又有着种种合理性,备受学界诟病却为政府所偏爱。文章立足于宪政与法治,分别从税收法定、税收公平、税收中性、税收分权等视角反思现行之减免税制度,剖析其存在之问题,结合税收竞争和国际金融危机的大背景下,阐述减免税制度仍然存在其合理性,只是要适应税收宪政之理念,进行相应之完善。
关键词: 减免税;税收法定;税收公平;税收分权;税收竞争
基金项目:
通讯作者:
Email:
参考文献:
- ①2005年8月3日国家税务总局《税收减免管理办法(试行)》。
- ①国税发[2005]129号《税收减免管理办法》(试行)第4、5条。
- ①See Wilson,John D,“A theory of interregional tax competition”,http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WMG-4D9PR60-P/2/3bedb64787b6e5f5a67f8f7e7ecdaad1.
- ①See Steven B.Kamin,The Current International Financial Crisis:How Much Is New?,Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Working Paper No.636.
- ①参见《第一财经日报》,2009年10月20日。
- [1]Sally M.Jones.Federal Taxes and Management Decisions[M].Irwin,1997-1998Edition,Page4.
- [2]伍舫.税收优惠指南(修订版)[M].北京:中国税务出版社,2004:44.
- [3]Jerome R.Hellerstein,Walter Hellersein.States And Local Taxation Cases And Materials[M].Sixth Edition.West pub-lishing Co,Page918.
- [4]彭丹雪.税收优惠改变首次将减免税企业类型进行分类[EB/OL].[2009-10-21].http://yjbg.stock.cnfol.com/050825/139,1413,1408816,00.shtml.
- [5]Pollock v.Farmers'Loan&Trust Co.157U.S.429,558,15S.Ct.673,680-681(1895).
- [6]See,e.g.,Samuel Eliot Morison's otherwise excellent History of the American People(1956).
- [7]See Important Congressional Tax Votes,1981-1999,http://www.ctj.org/html/taxvotes.htm.
- [8]See“General Explanation of the Tax reform Act of1969,”p.1(1970).
- [9]刘凯.我国税收减免制度之反思[EB/OL].[2009-11-16].http://www.cftl.cn/show.asp?a_id=2790.
- [10]See Thomas C.Atkeson:“Tax Equity And New Revenue Act”,The Accounting Review,Vol.31,No.2(Apr.,1956),pp.194-203.
- [11][日]金子宏.日本税法原理[M].刘多田,等,译.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1989:54.
- [12]王鸿貌.税法学的立场与理论[M].北京:中国税务出版社,2008:147.
- [13][日]金子宏.日本税法[M].战宪斌,郑林根,等,译.北京:法律出版社,2004:68-69.
- [14]James J.Freeland,Daniel J.Lathrope,Stephen A.Lind,Richard B.Stephens.Fundamentals Of Federal Income Taxa-tion Cases And Materials[M].Eleventh Edition,New York Foundation Press,Page32.
- [15][英]亚当.斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].郭大力,王亚南,译.北京:商务印书馆,1974:386.
- [16]刘大洪,张剑辉.税收中性与税收调控的经济法思考[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2002(4):94-99+144.
- [17]See Wilson,John D.A theory of interregional tax competition[EB/OL].http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WMG-4D9PR60-P/2/3bedb64787b6e5f5a67f8f7e7ecdaad1.
- [18]Stockman,David A,“The Triumph of Politics:Why the Reagan Revolution Failed”(Harper and Row,1986:368-369.
- [19]靳东升,龚辉文.经济全球化下的税收竞争与协调[M].北京:中国税务出版社,2008:36.
- [20]See Wallace E.Oates。An Essay on Fiscal Federalism[M].1999American Economic Association.
- [21]朱丘祥.分税与宪政——中央与地方财政分权的价值与逻辑[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2008:38.
- [22]刘云龙.民主机制与民主财政——政府间财政分工及分工方式[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2001:90.
- [23]Jerome R.Hellerstein,Walter Hellersein.States And Local Taxation Cases And Materials[M].Sixth Edition,West pub-lishing Co,Page10.
- [24]郑永年,王旭.论中央地方关系中的集权和民主问题[J].战略与管理,2001(3):61-70.
- [25]钱津.国际金融危机对现代经济学的挑战[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2009:1.
- [26]See Steven B.Kamin.The Current International Financial Crisis:How Much Is New?Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Working Paper No.636.
- [27]谭际珲,熊玉根.应对国际金融危机的税收政策[EB/OL].[2009-12-03].http://www.chinaacc.com/new/287_292_/2009_10_21_ch6581274391201900212690.shtml.
- [28]Sally M.Jones.Federal Taxes and Management Decisions[M].Irwin.1997-1998Edition,Page 4.