论公用事业特许经营权人的选择——以我国城市供水行业为例
魏艳;
摘要：
特许经营制度的优势被认为是在自然垄断行业"通过竞争机制,选择适格的投资者或经营者"。而目前我国供水行业的特许经营项目,尤其是水务集团模式,很难实现特许经营权的竞争。本文从特许经营制度本身的特点以及市场结构的角度,进行了详细的分析,认为目前学术界和实务界对特许经营制度中竞争机制的认识是不够全面的,并提出将目前国有企业集团与纯经营权的特许经营模式加以区分,以公开透明原则和正当程序为该项制度成功运行的关键。
关键词： 公用事业;特许经营权人;城市供水
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- ①详细参见《关于加快市政公用行业市场化进程的意见》。
- ②详细参见《关于加快市政公用行业市场化进程的意见》。
- ③《市政公用事业特许经营管理办法》第二条。
- ④《市政公用事业特许经营管理办法》第七、八条。
- ⑥参见傅涛、钟丽锦、常杪:《供水行业改革的困惑与出路》,http://news.h2o-china.com/policyandmarket/bluebook/649711196674045_1.shtml傅涛博士认为,“对绝大部分城市的供水企业而言,产权主体与经营主体的分离是改革的主流趋势”。专营模式由于有完全产权的支撑,是核心城市水务集团的发展方向。因此该模式在本文定义为水务集团模式。另外,如下文的分析,竞争的可行性在产权与经营权的分离中也会遇到各种限制,所以本文不采用专营模式和竞争模式的区分。
- ①Sapin法和的反腐败法(2009年修订)都规定了私人特许经营要采取公开竞标的方式。转引自E.Lobina and D.Hall,Problems with Private Water Concessions:a Review of Experience(June 2003),at www.psiru.org.
- ①《企业国有资产法》,第五十四条。
- ②《企业国有资产监督管理暂行条例》,第二十三条。
- ①Directive 2004/18/EC,article 29(1).
- ②Directive 2004/18/EC,article 1(9).
- ③Directive 2004/18/EC,Articles 30and 31.